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使用 SSH 密钥认证比密码认证更安全，且可实现免密码登录。

生成密钥对

生成私钥

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096\n

按提示输入保存路径和密码（可选）。建议使用高强度密码保护私钥。

支持的密钥类型：

rsa: 传统 RSA 密钥，兼容性好
ed25519: 新一代算法，更安全高效（推荐）

从私钥生成公钥

ssh-keygen -y -f ./<privateKey>.pem\n

配置服务器

添加公钥到 authorized_keys

echo <publicKey> >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys\n\n# 确保权限正确\nchmod 700 ~/.ssh\nchmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys\n

启用公钥认证

编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd_config：

PubkeyAuthentication yes\n

重启 SSH 服务：

systemctl restart sshd\n

使用密钥登录

ssh -i <privateKey> user@host\n

如果私钥有密码保护，会提示输入密码。

禁用密码登录（可选）

提高安全性，禁用密码认证：

# /etc/ssh/sshd_config\nPasswordAuthentication no\n

SSH 配置文件简化登录

编辑 ~/.ssh/config：

Host myserver\n    HostName example.com\n    User myuser\n    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/mykey\n

之后可直接使用 ssh myserver 连接。

注意事项

私钥必须妥善保管，不要泄露
建议使用密码保护私钥
定期检查 authorized_keys，移除不需要的公钥
生产环境建议禁用密码登录

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